Para poder realizar buenas fotografías no sólo se necesita de un buen equipo fotográfico, sino que también se necesita tener conocimientos técnicos, buen ojo e intuición para tomarlas. El buen fotógrafo ve lo que la gente común no ve. Siempre está observando lo que acontece a su alrededor y sabe cuándo debe hacer clic con su cámara.
A continuación, daré algunos consejos para conseguir imágenes profesionales:
1. Tener paciencia
La fotografía digital ha generado la tendencia de querer tomar imágenes constante e indiscriminadamente, pero de ese modo solo lograremos una gran cantidad de fotos de poca calidad. Es importante esperar la captura perfecta y tomarse su tiempo para analizar los errores que se comentan.
2. Ser flexibles
No siempre tendremos perfectas condiciones para fotografiar, como en el caso del atardecer e incluso al amanecer donde los colores y las luces cambian rápidamente. Se necesita ser flexible y adaptar los ajustes de la cámara a los cambios de luz. Hay que asegurarse de no tomar fotografías siempre con la misma perspectiva, sino variar aunque sea levemente la posición o los ajustes de la cámara fotográfica.
3. Conocer y manejar los ajustes de la cámara
Esto es fundamental para obtener resultados en poco tiempo. Controlar la apertura del diafragma, el tiempo de obturación, etc… Se necesita conocer nuestra cámara y sobre todo, coger la cámara y practicar con ella. Los principales ajustes que se deben conocer son el enfoque, la profundidad de campo y la exposición.
4. Aprender a elegir el objetivo correcto
Es fundamental saber elegir la lente adecuada para cada situación que se quiera fotografiar. No todos los objetivos sirven para todas las situaciones posibles en las que nos podamos encontrar. En escenarios con poca luz son mejores las ópticas fijas, las cuales son más luminosas. En la fotografía de espacios abiertos es mejor utilizar un gran angular y para captar objetos lejanos es mejor el teleobjetivo.
5. Recordar siempre llevar baterías y tarjetas de sobra
Quedarse sin batería o sin espacio en la tarjeta en una sesión fotográfica es imperdonable. Es muy importante que antes de salir a hacer fotografías se piense en lo que se debe llevar y ante las dudas considerar hacer una copia de seguridad del disco duro.
6. Utilizar el trípode
Esta herramienta es muy importante para la fotografía con poca luz. El trípode mejora la estabilidad de la cámara, mejora la nitidez de las imágenes y el enfoque en tiempos de larga exposición. Un complemento ideal sería el disparador a distancia que es un buen accesorio para evitar que la cámara se mueva al presionar el botón.
7. Potenciar la creatividad
Hay algo fundamental y es el ojo del fotógrafo. Debemos observar y pensar antes de disparar. Se deben probar diversos ángulos y perspectivas. No hay que tener miedo a probar a hacer fotografías en cualquier situación de luz y finalmente es importante inspeccionar previamente el lugar para conseguir puntos de vista diferentes que harán que tu imagen sea más creativa y única.
8. Buscar la simplicidad en la composición
En ocasiones se quiere ser tan fiel a la realidad que incluimos demasiados objetos en la escena y generamos el efecto contrario. Hay que intentar ser simples, concretar lo que se quiere fotografiar y eso es siempre un acierto. Los paisajes deben ser sencillos y respectar la línea del horizonte y mejor si aparece un objeto en primer plano.
9. Acercarse a los sujetos
Cuando se fotografían personas no hay que tener miedo, hay que acercarse a ellos. No sólo se trata de realizar un buen retrato sino que también se puede absorber la realidad del lugar y generar situaciones impactantes en la fotografía. Así se captará mejor su personalidad y se contará una historia única.
10. Jamás nos rindamos
Realizar buenas fotografías es muy difícil porque se debe considerar muchas variables y factores, pero no es imposible. Si se persiste y aprende de los errores mejoraremos mucho. Hay que revisar los resultados y descubrir los problemas en la composición y las historias. Nunca sabremos dónde puede llevarnos nuestra pasión por la fotografía.
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